Raspberry Pi 3 – Day 6

thebuzz May 14, 2017 Uncategorized 0

Ultrasonic distance sensor

In air, sound travels at a speed of 343 metres per second. An ultrasonic distance sensor sends out pulses of ultrasound which are inaudible to humans, and detects the echo that is sent back when the sound bounces off a nearby object. It then uses the speed of sound to calculate the distance from the object.

Ultrasonic distance sensors are designed to measure distance between the source and target using ultrasonic waves. We use ultrasonic waves because they are relatively accurate across short distances and don’t cause disturbances as they are inaudible to human ear.

HC-SR04 is a commonly used module for non contact distance measurement for distances from 2cm to 400cm. It uses sonar (like bats and dolphins) to measure distance with high accuracy and stable readings. It consist of an ultrasonic transmitter, receiver and control circuit. The transmitter transmits short bursts which gets reflected by target and are picked up by the receiver. The time difference between transmission and reception of ultrasonic signals is calculated. Using the speed of sound and ‘Speed = Distance/Time‘ equation, the distance between the source and target can be easily calculated.

Potential Divider

Formula

Schematic Diagram of the Circuit

Wiring Diagram of the Circuit

Python Code

import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
import time
GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)

TRIG = 23 
ECHO = 24

print "Distance Measurement In Progress"

GPIO.setup(TRIG,GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.setup(ECHO,GPIO.IN)

GPIO.output(TRIG, False)
print "Waiting For Sensor To Settle"
time.sleep(2)

GPIO.output(TRIG, True)
time.sleep(0.00001)
GPIO.output(TRIG, False)

while GPIO.input(ECHO)==0:
  pulse_start = time.time()

while GPIO.input(ECHO)==1:
  pulse_end = time.time()

pulse_duration = pulse_end - pulse_start

distance = pulse_duration * 17150

distance = round(distance, 2)

print "Distance:",distance,"cm"

GPIO.cleanup()

import RPi.GPIO as GPIO                    #Import GPIO library
import time                                #Import time library
GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)                     #Set GPIO pin numbering 

TRIG = 23                                  #Associate pin 23 to TRIG
ECHO = 24                                  #Associate pin 24 to ECHO

print "Distance measurement in progress"

GPIO.setup(TRIG,GPIO.OUT)                  #Set pin as GPIO out
GPIO.setup(ECHO,GPIO.IN)                   #Set pin as GPIO in

while True:

  GPIO.output(TRIG, False)                 #Set TRIG as LOW
  print "Waitng For Sensor To Settle"
  time.sleep(2)                            #Delay of 2 seconds

  GPIO.output(TRIG, True)                  #Set TRIG as HIGH
  time.sleep(0.00001)                      #Delay of 0.00001 seconds
  GPIO.output(TRIG, False)                 #Set TRIG as LOW

  while GPIO.input(ECHO)==0:               #Check whether the ECHO is LOW
    pulse_start = time.time()              #Saves the last known time of LOW pulse

  while GPIO.input(ECHO)==1:               #Check whether the ECHO is HIGH
    pulse_end = time.time()                #Saves the last known time of HIGH pulse 

  pulse_duration = pulse_end - pulse_start #Get pulse duration to a variable

  distance = pulse_duration * 17150        #Multiply pulse duration by 17150 to get distance
  distance = round(distance, 2)            #Round to two decimal points

  if distance > 2 and distance < 400:      #Check whether the distance is within range
    print "Distance:",distance - 0.5,"cm"  #Print distance with 0.5 cm calibration
  else:
    print "Out Of Range"                   #display out of range

test6.py ( old )

test6-1.py

Raspberry Pi 3 – Day 6